Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs 1 in 3,000-4,000 live-births. The causes of CH can be divided into two groups: thyroid developmental defects (thyroid dysgenesis) and inborn errors of thyroid hormone biosynthesis (dyshormonogenesis). Although mutations in paired box gene 8 (PAX8) usually cause thyroid dysgenesis, they have been reported in association with eutopic thyroid gland without function. PAX8 has been described to have a role in regulating the expres...

Introduction: Accurate preoperative localisation in primary hyperparathyroidism enables a localised approach to a parathyroidectomy operation. Ultrasonography is the most commonly used first-line imaging modality due to its widespread availability and safety. Parathyroid scintigraphy using MIBI is commonly used as the second-line imaging modality, as recommended by NICE. 4D-CT may have a role as a third-line imaging modality, when ultrasound and scintigraphy do not clearly loc...

Introduction: Hyponatremia in patients with pituitary tumours are common due to many reasons including secondary hypoadrenalism and secondary hypothyroidism. When these causes are treated with the background of hyponatremia, serum sodium should be regularly monitored as it could get corrected too rapidly leading to ODS.Case report: 34 Year old patient presented to a tertiary care hospital with headache. His MRI brain revealed a large suprasellar lesion s...

Section 1: Case history: 23 Year old Caribbean gentleman attended A&E with several month history of non-specific headaches, changes in memory/mood and joint pains. Since the age of 5 he had been medically treated for renal stones, He had a past medical history of sickle cell trait and was not on any regular medications. There was no significant family history apart from sickle cell disease. He had initial bloods which showed serum adjusted calcium level 3.7 mmol/l and PTH ...

Lung cancer is globally the biggest cause of cancer-related death, resulting in almost 1.6 million deaths per year. Neuroendocrine tumours amount to up to 25% of all lung cancer diagnoses. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours lie on a biological continuum of malignant behaviour, which range from the malignant, but relatively indolent, typical carcinoid tumours to small cell lung carcinoma- the most aggressive of the primary neuroendocrine lung tumours. Although small cell carcinom...

Background: Pituitary apoplexy is uncommon in childhood and adolescence. Typical clinical features are acute confusion, headache, vomiting and visual disturbance. It is caused by haemorrhage into the pituitary gland. Its association with cerebral infarction is rare. We report an unusual case associated with a cerebral infarction secondary to internal carotid artery compression.Case: 16 year old male was referred to the ‘Stroke Team’ with acute ...

Background: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) presents with various underlying diagnoses in children.Objective: To determine causes of CDI and long-term outcome in children and adolescents from a Tertiary Paediatric Endocrinology unit providing Regional Paediatric Neurosurgery and head trauma services.Methods: The clinic database was searched to identify patients with CDI managed between 1993 and 2019. Relevant clinical information ...

Case history: A 72 year old male was diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma grade T4N2M1b with adrenal and brain metastasis 1 year previously. On diagnosis his tumour was strongly positive for PDL-1 expression. This patient was started on dexamethasone 8 mg once a day that was weaned down to 4mg twice daily and then slowly weaned off steroids whilst receiving whole brain radiation. He was started on pembrolizumab therapy and had received ten cycles of treatment when he beg...

Reproductive timing strongly influences the fitness of the individual. While most vertebrates rely on photoperiodic changes to induce seasonal reproduction, the arctic ground squirrel (AGS) naturally undergoes reproductive maturation in a photoperiod-independent manner. In addition, males spontaneously activate their reproductive axis during hibernation, but the timing of reproduction is sensitive to external cues. We are using electron microscopy to examine, define, and measu...

A 49 year old lady presented to the hospital unconscious with severe hypoglycaemia. She had type 1 diabetes for 24 years and coeliac disease. She was hypo-unaware and had multiple admissions with DKA and hypoglycaemia over the years. She did not engage in the self-management of diabetes, therefore, insulin was being injected by the carers in the community and by nurses in the hospital. Her erratic and unpredictable glycaemic control was attributed to non-compliance. She admitt...